ABSTRACT Purpose: The angiogenic, osteogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of latex of Hancornia speciosa has been evidenced and indicates pharmacological potential with great applicability in the health area, especially in the wound healing process. The present work aimed to compare the effects of the H. speciosa macroporous latex biomembrane with saline on wound healing. Methods: Forty-three Wistar rats were submitted to excisional wound induction procedure and divided into groups according to treatment: saline (G1), and macroporous biomembrane (G2). The animals were euthanized at three, seven, 14, and 21 days after injury induction (DAI), and three animals were used for the debridement test. Morphometric, macroscopic, and microscopic analyses of general pathological processes were performed. Results: The macroporous biomembrane minimized necrosis and inflammation during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process, confirmed by the lower intensity of the crust and the debridement effect. In addition, the wounds treated with the macroporous biomembrane presented greater contraction rates in all the experimental periods analyzed. Conclusions: The macroporous biomembrane presents angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and debridement effects, contributing to the healing process, and can be considered a potentially promising new biomaterial to be used as a dressing.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Hancornia speciosa latex has shown pharmacological potential in wound healing processes due to its angiogenic, osteogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The aims of this study were to carry out a cream-gel formulation with 5, 10 and 25% of H. speciosa serum latex and to evaluate its potential to stimulate the skin regeneration in rats’ wounds. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were divided into five groups: neutral control with saline (G1), cream-gel based on H. speciosa latex serum at 5% m/v (G2), cream-gel at 15% m/v (G3), cream-gel at 25% m/v (G4), and cream-gel (G5). The animals were euthanized at three, seven, 14 and 21 days after the injury induction, and some parameters were analyzed: wound contraction, necrosis, fibrin, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltrates, fibroblast, angiogenesis, hemorrhage, and collagen. Results: The therapeutic treatment with cream-gel at 15 and 25% is beneficial in the inflammatory phase of healing processes since it increased the angiogenesis and proliferation of mononuclear infiltrations in wounds. Regarding wound contraction, the treatment with cream-gel (5 and 15%) induced a higher rate of contraction in the proliferative phase. The 15% cream-gel formulation stimulated a greater production of collagen in the injured tissues. Conclusions: H. speciosa cream-gel is a low-cost herbal medicine which can aid in tissue repair.

Abstract Objectives To determine the concentration of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc ions after the application of chelator to Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Material and Methods Fifty bovine maxillary central incisors were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. The following were used as irrigation solutions: 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) combined with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), distilled water (pH 3, 7 and 10), and 2.5% NaOCl. Each solution was kept in the root canal for five minutes. Fifteen uncontaminated root canals were irrigated with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10). Six teeth were used as bacterial control. The number of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc ions was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) values were used for descriptive statistics. Results Calcium chelation using 17% EDTA at pH 7 was higher than at pH 3 and 10, regardless of whether bacterial biofilm was present. The highest concentration of iron occurred at pH 3 in the presence of bacterial biofilm. The highest concentration of manganese found was 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA at pH 7 in the presence of bacterial biofilm. Zinc levels were not detectable. Conclusions The pH of chelating agents affected the removal of calcium, iron, and manganese ions. The concentration of iron ions in root canals with bacterial biofilm was higher after the use of 17% EDTA at pH 3 than after the use of the other solutions at all pH levels.

RESUMO O látex de mangabeira, planta nativa do cerrado, apresenta potencial biotecnológico para desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Pouco se sabe sobre os métodos de coleta e produtividade de látex em mangabeira, a qual vem sendo explorada comercialmente para produção de frutos de modo principalmente extrativista. Buscando informações sobre a utilização do látex de mangabeira foi avaliada, nesse trabalho, a produtividade do látex associada aos métodos de sangria; às condições ambientais; às características sazonais e anatômicas dessa espécie. Como resultado observou-se que o método de coleta utilizado comumente em seringueira não é apropriado para mangabeira, sendo a sangria feita com facão na região do caule o método mais produtivo. Em relação à anatomia da casca, a espessura, a posição e o número de vasos lactíferos influenciam na produção. Resultados também mostraram que a casca de mangabeira é espessa e que o número de vasos lactíferos é superior na região interna, evidenciando que sangrias utilizando cortes superficiais não são eficientes, pois não atingem os vasos lactíferos. Também, foi observado que o aumento da temperatura ambiental tem influência positiva na produtividade do látex e que na época da frutificação a produção de látex é significativamente inferior. Isso provavelmente ocorre porque a planta utiliza uma parcela dos seus metabólitos secundários para formação do fruto, gerando uma menor disponibilidade desses metabólitos para a produção de látex.

ABSTRACT The mangabeira latex, plant native from Cerrado, shows biotechnological potential for the development of new drugs. Little is known about the latex productivity and bleeding methods in mangabeira, which is usually utilized in extractive way for fruit production. Aiming to broaden the knowledge about mangabeira latex production it was evaluated the productivity associated with bleeding methods; environmental conditions; anatomical aspects from the bark and seasonal properties. As results it was observed that the bleeding method commonly used in rubber tree is not appropriated to mangabeira; the most productive bleeding method was using a knife in stalk region. The bark thickness and lactiferous vessels number are associated with latex production. Anatomical analysis showed that the bark in mangabeira is thick and the lactiferous vessels are deeply localized, in this way some superficial bleeding methods are not able to reach the vessels. It was also observed that the increase in environmental temperature has a positive influence on the productivity of latex and that during the fruiting time the latex production is significantly lower. This probably occurs because the plant uses part of the secondary metabolites for fruit formation, which reduced the availability of these metabolites to latex production.

RESUMO O interesse econômico e científico sobre Hancornia speciosa (mangabeira) vem crescendo nos últimos anos, devido principalmente à comercialização de seu fruto e extração de compostos naturais com alto potencial farmacológico. Neste estudo, foi realizado um levantamento cienciométrico sobre a mangabeira, com o objetivo de fomentar e direcionar futuras pesquisas sobre a espécie. Como resultado, verificou-se a baixa produtividade científica a respeito da espécie, com a publicação de apenas 131 artigos nos últimos 69 anos. Além disso, o presente estudo identificou algumas tendências na produção bibliográfica sobre a mangabeira, com destaque para: o aumento do número de artigos ao longo dos últimos anos; o fato de a divulgação científica ser realizada principalmente em revistas de âmbito nacional; a abordagem experimental ser mais frequente do que a abordagem teórico-descritiva; os trabalhos experimentais serem geralmente associados às populações de distribuição geográfica restrita; e a produção científica ser proveniente, principalmente, de Instituições de Ensino Superior. Por outro lado, este estudo também permitiu a identificação de algumas lacunas no conhecimento sobre a mangabeira, entre as quais se destacam: a dificuldade em descrever e caracterizar as linhagens botânicas; a falta de análise da diversidade genética de populações de ampla distribuição geográfica; a carência de projetos de manejo e de conservação da espécie; a falta de descrição de técnicas de cultivo, coleta e conservação de frutos; e a ausência da identificação dos compostos naturais responsáveis pela atividade de farmacógica. Espera-se que os dados gerados nesta pesquisa possam ser usados para direcionar futuros estudos sobre a planta.

ABSTRACT The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa (mangabeira) has been growing in recent years, mainly due to the marketing of fruit and extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. In this study, a scientometric survey about mangabeira was carried out in order to promote and direct future studies on the species. As a result, low scientific productivity associated with this species was found, with only 131 articles published in the last 69 years. In addition, this study identified some trends in bibliographic production on mangabeira, among them: the increasing number of articles over the years; scientific dissemination in nationwide journals; the main focus of this study is associated with agronomic studies; the experimental approach is more frequent and usually associated with populations of restricted geographical distribution; and the scientific production is mainly from education institutions. Furthermore, this study also allowed the identification of some gaps in knowledge about mangabeira, among them the difficulty in describing and characterizing botanical lines; lack of analysis of the genetic diversity of widely distributed populations; lack of management and conservation projects for the species; lack of description of cultivation, collection and preservation techniques of fruits; and lack of identification of natural compounds responsible for its pharmacological activity. It is expected that the data generated in this study will serve to direct future studies on H. speciosa.